The Perfection of Religion in the Qur’an: QS Al- Mā’idah verse 3 in the view of Ibnu ‘Abbas and Hamka’s Interpretation

In this time, many cases of a wrong understanding of the perfection of religion will cause problems such as radicalism, disbelief of other groups and even terrorism. Therefore, the writer used two problem statements: how is the interpretation of religion perfection in QS. al-Mā’idah : 3 according to Tafsīr Ibnu ‘Abbās and Tafsir Al-Azhar then how is the relevance of Ibnu ‘Abbas and Hamka’s interpretation related to the perfection of religion with the Indonesian context. The method used by the writer in this research is library research with descriptive analysis and used philosophical hermeneutics by Hans Georg Gadamer. Islam does not freeze, Indonesia context that consists of various tribes, languages, cultures, and religions. Therefore, the meaning of surrender to God can be reflected in Indonesia. Because all religions also teach surrender to God or in other words “kalimatun sawā’”. If someone has a resigned attitude to God, it will minimize fanaticism, claiming the truth of his religion, insulting other groups who disagree with their perception, the narrow meaning of jihad and the blasphemy of religion even radicalism, because someone considers that in other religions there is also faith. However, change is greatly affected by time and space. In terms of religions, that is permanent and some are changing or in other words normative Islam and historical Islam. By having an attitude of surrender to God, it is possible to happen tolerant to other religions. In brief, Indonesia can still be a country with the slogan “Bhineka Tunggal Ika” which means “unity in diversity”.

of khilāfah is applied in Indonesia it is not possibly caused by in Indonesia it is a pluralism population, based on religion, race, ethnicity, and others. They said the concept of Pancasila is a pagan system. Because it was considered to break the chain of Ottoman khilāfah in Turkey in 1923.
The Third, such as the case of a suicide bombing attacked three churches in Surabaya. 6 The suicide bombing was understood by some people as jihad, but the true meaning of jihad is earnest to something. The meaning of jihad adjusted to the situation, if the condition is safe, do not use war as a jihad. The suicide bombing was not included in jihad, because the situation was not war or colonized. So, it didn't demand to blow themselves up, it was tyranny.

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The Fourth, a case which still warmly related with blasphemy, the lecture of Ustaz Abdul Somad (UAS) allegedly insulting the symbol of Christianity. In the video of his lecture, he said that inside the cross there is a jinn. 7 This gave rise to many pros and cons among the people.
Based on the case above, we were interested in investigating the perfection of religion. Here the importance of discussing the perfection of religion. That cases could occur caused by one reason is their understanding of the perfection of religion. Starting from the wrong understanding of the perfection of religion will cause problems such as radicalism, disbelief of other groups and even terrorism. What is the meaning of the perfection of religion today must be oriented towards Islam in Arabia? Is it because at the time of the Prophet Muhammad was considered perfect and the Qur'an came down at that time?
In this research, we using the hermeneutic theory of Hans Georg Gadamer. Therefore, the writer was helped by the theories to understand the reason of Ibnu Abbās and Hamka about "the perfection of religion" and how their interpretation can be applied for Indonesia context. This theory says the theological intention of the interpreter is very influential in taking meaning from a text. Reading and understanding the text is a dialogue to build up a synthesis between the world of the text and the world of the reader. Therefore, the understanding process does not obtain poor and dry results. 8 It is necessary to pay attention to one context with another. To be able to interpret, mufasir cannot be in space. In this case, the pre-understanding of mufasir will be very influential and go inside the interpretation of the text. Every understanding is a historical, dialectical and linguistic. 9 Therefore, to understanding a text it is necessary to look at the situation and background of mufasir, such as the social, economic, political, cultural and educational history of mufasir. This theory can be used to see the viewpoints of mufasir Ibnu Abbās and Hamka about the perfection of religion in al-Mā'idah verse 3. 7 "Abdul Somad Dilaporkan Ke Mabes Polri Atas Dugaan Penistaan Agama" https://tirto.id/abdul-somad-dilaporkan-ke-mabes-polri-atas-dugaan-penistaan-agama-egx2 accessed on 21 August 2019. Ibnu 'Abbas is also known as Baḥr al-'Ilm (sea of knowledge), Habr al-Ummah (the scholars of the people), Turjumān al-Qur'an (interpreter of the Qur'an), Ra'īs al-Mufassirin (leader of mufasir), al-Baḥr (ocean), and also Habr al-Qur'ān (the scholars Al-Qur'an). 13 Evidenced by the prayer of The Prophet Muhammad and his persistence in seeking knowledge, Ibnu 'Abbas who was a friend of The Prophet and his nephew who became the first mufasir among his the companions at that time.
In understanding the meaning of Qur'anic verses, Ibnu 'Abbas refers to many Arabic poems, because his knowledge of Arabic and his understanding of literature is very high and comprehensive. 14 From his knowledge, he was considered to be the first person to build a school of interpretation in which linguistics and ancient poetry are taught as complementary subjects. Ibnu 'Abbas not only use his thought in interpreting verses, but he also based on his riwayah, even known that the riwayah of Ibnu 'Abbas total 660 hadiths, 95 of which were agreed by al-Bukhari and Muslim, al-Bukhari separately 120 hadiths and

Tafsīr Ibnu ' Abbās
Quote of Ibnu 'Abbas regarding countless interpretations, what has been quoted from him has been compiled in a book briefly which is called Tafsīr Ibnu ' Abbās. Inside the Tafsir Ibnu 'Abbas there is a variety of different quote and sanad, but the best sanad is through Ali bin Abu Talhah. 16 Tafsir Ibnu 'Abbas is the longest recorded which is propped up of Ibnu 'Abbas. This interpretation also used as a support by Al-Bukhari, Ath-Tabari, Ibnu Abu Hatim, and Ibnu  His full name is Ali bin Abu Talhah bin Al-Makhariq. His father name is Salim bin Al-Makhariq. Descendant of Bani Hasyim. His was known as Ali bin Abu Talhah Al-Hasyimi because his father was a helper of Al-Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib's family who later frees up him. The birth of Ali bin Abu Thalhah estimated in the 9 th decade of the first century Hijriyah or it can be said that the birth of Ali bin Abu Talhah before the death of Sa'id bin Zubair, before 94 H. Ali bin Abu Thalhah passed away in Hamsh on 143 H. 18 Ali bin Abu Talhah grew up as a young man in the Arabian Peninsula and spent part of his life there. Then he moved to Hamsh. He studied various kinds of knowledge from different sources in that time, it was formed his scientific personality and thought maturity. Which is hadith, interpretation, fiqh and other has been learned in school. And make it an expert in interpretation and hadith. 19 Ali bin Abu Talhah studied to the companions and the tabi'in, which is: Mujahid bin Jabar Al-Makki, Sa'id bin Zubair and Ikrimah. 20 Besides known as muhadis, he also known as a mufasir. The sheets of his interpretation famous among the scholars, so Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal advised students to travel to Egypt to get the value of interpretation sheet. He said "In Egypt, there is interpretation sheet was quoted by Ali bin Abu Talhah. If there are people who travel to that country, many of them are looking for this interpretation.

Interpretation by Ibnu 'Abbas in QS. al-Mā'idah : 3
Bellow this the interpretation by Ibnu 'Abbas about the perfection of religion in QS. al-Mā'idah : 3: "This day I have perfected your religion for you" Regarding the meaning of the sentence fragment above, Ibnu ' Abbas through the quote of Ali bin Abu Talhah that what is meant by the religion above is the religion of Islam. Then for the meaning that has been perfected which is the faith of The Prophet Muhammad and the people who believe, Allah will not increase and reduce their faith, as following: "That is the religion of Islam. He said: Allah SWT preached to The Prophet Muhammad and the people who believe that He has perfected their faith. Therefore, they do not need any more addition forever. Allah SWT also has perfected their faith, so He will not reduce it forever. He has been pleased with that religion, so He will not hate it forever ". 22 According to Ibnu 'Abbas in the sentence above interpret the word "akmaltu" with faith. Allah has perfected the faith of the Prophet Muhammad and the believers. Then, Ibnu 'Abbas interpreting sentence fragment about the perfection of religion as following: "This day I have perfected your religion for you and completed My favour to you. I have chosen Islam to be your faith" In the sentence above, Ibnu 'Abbas said that in the past all Muslims and polytheists had performed the Hajj. Then when the verse in the Surah "Bara'ah" came down, the polytheists are cleansed from the Haram mosque. After that, the Muslim people who performed the Hajj in Baitullah were not included the polytheists. This is one of the perfections of favour from Allah SWT. It can be concluded from the sentence above, the meaning of the word "atmamtu" is the blessing of Allah that has been given to Muslims who are free from the polytheists when performing Hajj.
In interpreting sentence fragment of the QS.  Tafsir 25 Hamka was buried in TPU Tanah Kusir by leaving 10 children consisting of 7 boys and 3 girls. His second wife, Siti Khadijah, passed away a few years after Hamka. 26 Abdul Malik is his childhood nickname. He began the education by reading the Qur'an at his parent's house when they moved from Maninjau to Padang Panjang. Two years later, at 7 years old, Hamka was entered into village school by his father, then in 1916 was put into a Diniyyah School. 27 In that year, when Zainuddin Labai el-Yunusi founded the Diniyyah School in the evening, at Usang Market, Padang Panjang, then Hamka was put by his father into this school. 28 Because of her parent's divorce, Hamka escapes to Java. When Hamka was in Bengkulen, he got smallpox. Then, he stopped it. After recovering, he returned to Padang Panjang with a face full of smallpox scars. A year later, in 1924, Hamka returned to Java. Approximately one-year Hamka was in Java. According to him, over there he found a new spirit in studying Islam. 29 (1946) and manymore.

History of Tafsir Al-Azhar
In 1959, Hamka began writing Tafsir Al-Azhar. The work began with Kuliah Subuh delivered at the Al-Azhar mosque in Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta. The name of the mosque was given by Sheikh Mahmoud Syaltout, Chancellor of the Al-Azhar University of Egypt during a visit to Indonesia in December 1960. The interpretation was named Tafsir Al-Azhar by the author because it was born from the Al-Azhar mosque, the name given by Mahmoud Syaltout. Hamka began his Kuliah Subuh at the Al-Azhar mosque by interpreting QS. al-Mu'minun published in the Panji Masyarakat magazine. Al-Azhar mosque was accused by the Orde Lama as headquarter of "Neo Masyumi" and "Hamkaism". Panji Masyarakat magazine was banned from publishing. Then, Hamka published Gema Islam magazine which contained the writing of one and a half juz from QS. al-Mu'minun, which is juz 18 to juz 19. 37 On Monday, 12 Ramadan 1382 or coinciding on 27 January 1964, after Hamka gave a lecture at the Al-Azhar mosque, he was captured by the Orde Lama authorities and put into jail. Hamka was placed in several rest homes in the peak area, which is Herlina Bungalow, 35

Interpretation by Hamka in QS. al-Mā'idah : 3
Interpreting by Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhar about the perfection of religion in QS. al-Mā'idah : 3, as following: "This day I have perfected your religion for you" In the sentence above, Hamka interpret "I have perfected" with: "Belief, worship, syari'ah, muamalah, and munakahat that everything is enough, there will be no more addition. The Prophet Muhammad is the last the Prophet, after that, there will be no additional the Prophet, because religion is sufficient for all humans ". 40 Everything that which has been specified by Allah, in terms of belief, worship and syari'ah must not be added again, because it is quite perfect. However, things that are not related to syari'ah worship are given the freedom for ijtihad. Ijtihad may be carried out by someone on the condition of Islam, peace, understanding, justice and mastering the sciences related to the Qur'an. Need to know that the result of ijtihad by human not as strong as the Qur'an and Hadith. The great scholars tried so hard in doing the ijtihad to understand nash} Al-Qur'an which still needed an explanation. The scholars have warned the results of their ijtihad are not entirely certain, we can review again. If someone does ijtihad and the result of ijtihad is correct, he will get two rewards but if the result of ijtihad is wrong he will get one reward.

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According to the sentence above, the word "akmaltu" interpreted as perfect in terms of faith, worship, syariah, muamalah, and munakahat. Then, Hamka continues his interpretation: "And completed My favour to you" In the sentence above, Hamka interprets it with: "A favour have been equipped by the conquest of all Arab lands under Islamic rule, Mecca has been cleansed of idols, and every year people are free to perform the Hajj connecting Sunnah of The Prophet Muhammad, and Medina becomes the second holy city. And the polytheists will no longer tawaf around the Ka'bah, and the favor will still be maintained by Allah forever." According to the sentence above, the word "atmamtu" interpreted as a favor of Allah that has been given by someone as a Muslim. Then Hamka interprets that Islam is a religion which Allah has approved, as its interpretation: "I have chosen Islam to be your faith" Hamka also explained how perfect Islam was revealed by Allah SWT. According to Hamka, the perfect religion is a religion that recognizes and develop the talent for human growth and humanity and does not freeze. The religion of Islam is very compatible with time. If we see at theories created by the human that ending by "isms" it is never perfect because it always changes caused by climate change or changes in space and time. If a thought is not compatible with the time or has reached a static point. Then the thought should be done "renovation" with the requirement it does not contradict the basic principles of religion. With "renovation", Islam always suitable for every place and community development, so the interpretation of the text does not freeze up. 41 Determining Ka'bah as the Qibla is a provision from heaven. However, we come to Ka'bah with camel, car, plane, it is a means of transportation from the result of human progress. If anyone holds fast to Ka'bah by camel, he will be miserable. Today the technology has sophisticated, we can go on the pilgrimage easily, comfort and do not spend much time on the road when we use the plane. It is an example of ijtihad in terms of transportation to go to Ka'bah.
International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR)

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Hamka gave the example of ijtihad based on his own experience in the Muhammadiyah circles about the relationship between revelation and religion according to the activities of the human mind. As written in his interpretation: "Before World War II the Muhammadiyah's scholars (male members) with 'Aisyiah (female members), should use a barrier curtain. Is this why The scholars think so? Is there a clear command (valid nash) obliging in the Qur'an and Hadith? No one requires to have a meeting for discussion. There is only if a man wants to converse with the wives of The Prophet Muhammad should be behind the barrier. As in QS. al-Ah}zab: 53" "Therefore nash} is valid in this verse only if a Mu'min wants to ask The Prophet's wives from behind the barrier. Nothing in this verse can be taken as information to oblige to put up a barrier if there is a meeting with men of faith and women of faith. But the guidance if there is a meeting with men with women is clearly in QS. an-Nur: 30-31. That is for women of faith retain vision, keep honor and not accentuate jewelry (beauty), and for men of faith are also commanded to keep a glance, keep an honor. Both of these verses it is only ordered in general meeting keep a manner".
The scholars have been done the ijtihad about why they should use a barrier curtain to avoid danger, as: "Closed the door of danger" Someone do the ijtihad uses his mind to see what nearing perfection by looking at space and time, because the law and legal consequence, this shows that Islam has been perfect.
From the description of interpretation above by Hamka, it can be concluded in general interpretation of Hamka about the perfection of religion that was strongly influenced by the social condition and the development of Indonesian society at that time. Hamka gave the example of allowed to ijtihad, he gave an example based on his own experience.

Relevance of the Perfection of Religion in QS Al-Ma'idah: 3 based on Indonesian Condition
Geographically Indonesia has more than 13 thousand islands scattered from Sabang to Merauke. This is what makes Indonesia consists of various tribes, languages, cultures, belief systems and religions. Diversity is the main attraction for the Indonesian people. While the number of tribes inhabiting large and small islands is 358 tribes and 200 sub-tribes spread throughout Indonesia. 42 The total population of Indonesia in 2019 is 269 million. Indonesia was ranked fourth as the country with the most population in the world after China with 1.4 billion people, India with 1.3 billion people, and the United States with 328 million people. 43 Indonesia is a country with various religions. 87.81% population Muslim in Indonesia, 6.96% Protestant, 2.9% Catholic, 1.69% Hindu, 0.72% Buddhist, 0.05% Confucian, and 0.13% other religions. 44 It can be seen that Indonesia is a Muslim majority community. But Indonesia is not an Islamic state. Indonesia is a country that was built based on Pancasila.
Islam looks pluralism as an attitude of mutual respect and tolerance toward other religions, but it does not mean that all religions are the same, not considering the God is the same with your God. However, Islam still recognizes the existence of religious pluralism by recognizing the differences and identities of each religion. Therefore, pluralism is oriented to eliminate conflicts, differences and the identity of existing religion. 45 Religious pluralism is an attitude of acknowledging, respecting, maintaining and even developing or enriching the plural situation. In the context of religious pluralism refers to the attitude that all religions, even in different ways, lead to the same goal, which is God. Pluralism means built up the tolerance, which requires the recognition that each religion with adherents have the same right to exist. Therefore, that must be built are feelings and attitude of mutual respect, it is tolerance. 46 International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR) Islam as rahmatan lil 'ālamīn has arranged all relations, which is in theological, ritual, social, muamalah, and humanity aspect. 47 The scholars try to unite culture and religion with Islam that is rahmatan lil 'ālamīn without damaging local culture. According to that state, Indonesian people recognize Islam as a tolerant religion. There was no insult to other religions. 48 Not be realized a country without tolerance among religious people. There is no peace and serenity in practicing worship. If a country no longer implements the tolerance among religious communities, Indonesia could become a barbaric country, even between one religion and another will knock each other down and war in Indonesia.
If we look at the current conditions in Indonesia, there is disputing concerning religion. The causes of social conflict involving religion occur in Indonesia caused by First, blasphemy of religion. Like the case of Ahok and Ustaz Abdul Somad (UAS). Religion is a gift from God, intended for the benefit, goodness, and welfare of humanity. Religion, for Indonesian people, becomes very valuable. Therefore, every adherent of a particular religion will try to defend and defend his religion with the capabilities he has. If the religion which believed is abused or insulted by others, the person will be offended even very angry. 49 Religion is something that makes a person have a deep emotional. Second, the silting of religion, egoism, and fanaticism. This is very dangerous because the difference in the way of fighting for religious understanding that is embraced can cause selfishness, it can cause a war of opinion because feeling the religion are the most correct, and also insulting other group or religion because of disagreement. 50 As the case in Indonesia, HTI (Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia) disbelieves people who disagree with their perception. the silting of religion also dangerous, because it can cause a narrow understanding of religion, such as the narrowly understood doctrine of jihad. The example is the suicide bombing that occurred in Surabaya.
The source of religious conflict usually claims that his religion is the most correct than the others. Therefore, religious teachers or scholars teach their community to be moderate and tolerant and accept pluralism. 51 Comprehensive about the wrong religion will cause the wrong action too. If this comprehensive Based on the phenomena was occurred in Indonesia, that the perfection of religion in the Indonesian context when referring to the mufasir viewpoints and the reader, basically Ibnu 'Abbas and Hamka there is a similarity in interpreting the perfection of religion in terms of faith, which is surrender to God. However, Hamka more detailed in interpreting the perfection of religion. Keep in mind that different backgrounds can produce different interpretations and the development of time will produce various interpretations and demand new interpretations. Therefore, the meaning of surrender to God can be reflected in Indonesia. Because all religions also teach surrender to God or in other words "kalimatun sawā'". If someone has a resigned attitude to God, it will minimize fanaticism, claiming the truth of religion even radicalism, because someone considers that in other religions there is also faith. However, change is greatly affected by time and space. In terms of religions, that is permanent and some are changing or in other words normative Islam and historical Islam.
By having an attitude of surrender to God, it is possible to happen tolerant to other religions. Islam entered Indonesia which various races, customs, cultures, ethnicities, and different religions. By the slogan 'Bhineka Tunggal Ika' which means "unity in diversity". Because basically, Islam is "ṣālih likulli zamān wa makān", this shows that Islam in Indonesia is not rigid.

Conclusion
The meaning perfection of religion in QS. al-Mā'idah : 3 according to Ibnu 'Abbas in Tafsīr Ibnu ' Abbās which is Allah SWT has perfected the faith of the Prophet Muhammad and the believers, there is no need for additions and no deductions for eternity. While the perfection of religion according to Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhar which is the creed, worship, syariat, muamalah, and munakahat was sufficient and there will be no additional. However, Hamka allows for jihad in matters other than worship and syariat. Therefore, Islam does not freeze.
Indonesia is a country that consists of various tribes, languages, cultures, and religions. Islam is rahmatan lil 'ālamīn that has been entered into Indonesia without damaging the local culture. The minimum of understanding of a person about religion can cause misunderstanding of religion that results in radicalism such as claiming the truth of his religion and insulting other groups who disagree with their perception, the narrow meaning of jihad and the blasphemy of religion. If it continues, it will be bloodshed in all regions of Indonesia. Therefore, the meaning of surrender to God can be reflected in Indonesia. Because all religions also teach surrender to God or in other words "kalimatun sawā'". If someone has a resigned attitude to God, it will minimize fanaticism, claiming the truth of his religion, insulting other groups who disagree with their perception, the narrow meaning of jihad and the blasphemy of religion even radicalism, because someone considers that in other religions there is also faith. However, change is greatly affected by time and space. In terms of religions, that is permanent and some are changing or in other words normative Islam and historical Islam. By having an attitude of surrender to God, it is possible to happen tolerant to other religions. In brief, Indonesia can still be a country with the slogan "Bhineka Tunggal Ika" which means "unity in diversity".