Resilience Profile of Children with Special Needs and the Importance of Guidance and Counseling Services

Children with special needs are children who need special services to develop their potential in education, social services, guidance and counseling services, and various types of other special services. In reality, not many people understand or know children with special needs, so there is still much discrimination that occurs. This discrimination is not only from the community around them but also from their own families. This discrimination leads to a stressful situation, resulting in possible difficulties in participating in educational programs or other skills. Therefore, an important aspect that they need to adapt to difficult situations or stressful conditions is resilience. This research aims to describe and understand resilience in children with special needs. The method used in writing this article is the literature study method, where data is obtained by a series of activities related to library data collection methods, reading and recording, and processing research materials. The source of resilience formation itself comes from within and outside the individual


Introduction
When individuals in a marriage want the presence of a baby within the marriage.Parents want the baby or child to be born perfectly without any deficiencies.1There is no living creature created by God that has no shortcomings.Whatever the condition, humans are born uniquely by the Supreme Creator.
No one who is born into this world wants to be born with a disability.All parents also do not want their children to be born with special needs.The presence of children with special needs does not discriminate in terms of rich families, educated families, religious families, or poor families.Parents cannot be indifferent to the presence of children with special needs. 2e use of term "children with special needs" is usually used to describe children who are physically, mentally, or behaviorally substantially deviated from normal, either higher or lower, such as children with mental retardation, learning disabilities, mental retardation, learning disabilities, hearing impairments, visual impairments, physical impairments, speech and language impairments, emotional and behavioral disorders, and those who are gifted.They are referred to as children with special needs because their conditions may require special education or additional educational, social, or medical care to From statistical data published by the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture in June 2022, the number of children with special needs in the age range of 5-19 years is 3.3%.Meanwhile, the total population at that age ( 2021) is 66.6 million people.Thus the number of children aged 5-19 years with disabilities is around 2,197,833.Then, data from the Ministry of Education and Culture as of August 2021 shows that the number of students in special and inclusive schools is 269,398 children.
From the data obtained, the percentage of children with disabilities who take formal education is only 12.26%.This means that there are still very few children with disabilities or children with special needs (ABK) in Indonesia who should have access to inclusive education, even though from year to year the number continues to increase.This increasing trend in the number of children with special needs is not matched by an increase in community knowledge and understanding of their developmental characteristics.Therefore, the community, including parents, often give inappropriate treatment that can inhibit children with special needs from developing their potential and abilities.In many cases, children with special needs tend to be excluded from society, either explicitly or implicitly. 4iscrimination against children with disabilities not only comes from other people in their environment but also often from their own families. 5These children face a variety of negative behaviors ranging from implicit avoidance, and explicit rejection, to hostile attitudes and behaviors.Phenomena that also sometimes occur in the school environment even add to the risk factors faced by children with special needs, as reported by several articles on Indonesian online media portals.
In this stressful situation, children with special needs may experience many difficulties in participating in educational programs and improving academic, 3 Hendriani, W. (2017)

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Resilience Profile of Children with Special Needs ... social, and other life skills. 6Many assume that children with special needs are an obstacle in everything they want to do.Many incidents in the environment where they live are reluctant to recognize the existence of children with these needs.
An important aspect that can make children with needs successful in dealing with pressure or difficult conditions is resilience.Resilience is the capacity of individuals to overcome and improve themselves from adversity by responding healthily and productively to improve themselves so that they can face and overcome the pressures of daily life. 7esilience is defined by Luthar, Cicchetti, and Becker 8 as a dynamic process that includes positive adaptation in the context of difficult situations, significant dangers, and obstacles.Resilience is seen as a fundamental strength that is the foundation of all positive traits in building a person's psychological and emotional strength.Resilient individuals are individuals who have resilience with several positive responses in facing difficulties, overcoming stress, and bouncing back from their traumatic conditions.
Resilience will make a person able to adjust to significant difficulties. 9Resilient individuals can have the ability to get through tough life challenges and find ways to bounce back and thrive.Resilience will also determine a person's success in life.Thus, children with special needs who have high resilience will be able to deal with life crises in positive ways, remain optimistic in living their daily lives, and be motivated to continue the learning process in developing their abilities.This also means that resilience will open wider opportunities for children with special needs to be able to achieve a better quality of life, both physically and psychologically.
All of this is inseparable from the important role of counselors in providing guidance and counseling services for children with special needs to help them overcome their personalities that tend to be less positive and improve their talents, interests, and achievements in academics or other fields, for example, dancing, sports and so on.Novida Nurhayati, Bakhrudin All Habsyi, Budiyanto, Endang Pudjiastutik Sartinah   Therefore, the writing of this article is to describe resilience in children with special needs, factors that cause and support resilience research related to resilience in children with special needs, and the important role of guidance and counseling services.

Method
This type of research uses the literature study method, where the source of data collection comes from various journals, books, and articles which are then analyzed according to the title of the existing article problem.Exploration of journals, articles, and books online through repositories of various journals that have been published on various websites.
The data source used is secondary data that does not come from direct observation but from the results of research conducted by previous researchers.This data is generated by searching for various references about the research subject, which are then presented in the form of descriptions. 10The data collection method is carried out in searching or exploring data from literature related to existing problems.After the data is obtained, it is collected until it becomes a document that can be used.
The keywords used in writing this article are "resilience" and "children with special needs".The articles selected in this writing are articles that match the title and the deadline for publishing the journal for a maximum of 6 years back, namely 2017-2023, using Indonesian and English, original articles (research articles, research subjects are children with special needs and articles are available in full text.This article search is sourced from online publications through open-access channels such as Google Scholar, Garuda, Springer, and others.

Result
After searching for scientific articles through Google Scholar channels and others, 5 articles were found that match the theme or title in this article, which were published from 2017 to 2023.The articles are described in the following table Children with special needs are those who have differences from the average child of the same age or children in general.The differences experienced by ABK occur in several ways, namely, the process of growth and development which experiences abnormalities or deviations both physically, mentally, intellectually, socially, and emotionally. 12e definition of children with special needs has a broader meaning when compared to the definition of exceptional children.Children with special needs are children whose education requires specific services and is different from children in general (Depdiknas).According to Mangunsong, the deviations that cause children with special needs to be different lie in differences in mental characteristics, sensory, physical, and neuromuscular abilities, social and emotional behavior, and communication skills, as well as a combination of two or three of these things.Based on several definitions given by the figures above, children with special needs can be defined as individuals who have physical, intellectual, and emotional characteristics, above or below the average individual in general.

b) Types of Children with Special Needs
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1) Visually Impaired
Visual impairment is one type of child with special needs (ABK), which refers to the loss of a person's visual sense function.To carry out life activities or communicate with their environment they use non-visual senses that are still functioning, such as the senses of hearing, touch, smell and taste.

2) Deaf people
Deafness is the partial or complete loss of hearing experienced by an individual, the cause of which is due to the partial or complete malfunction of the hearing device, so that the individual cannot use his hearing device in everyday life.

3) Tunagrahita
Deaf children are children who experience difficulties and limitations in mental-intellectual development and inadequacies in social communication below the average, so they experience obstacles in completing their tasks.
A person is said to have tunagrahita if they have three indicators, namely: (1) inhibition of intelligence functions in general or below average, (2) inability in social/adaptive behavior, and (3) social/ adaptive behavior barriers occur at the age of 13 development, namely up to the age of 18 years. 13sed on the level of intelligence, children with disabilities are classified into four, namely: 1) Mild tunagrahita, which is someone who has an IQ of 55-70 2) Moderate tunagrahita, someone with an IQ of 40-55 3) Severe tunagrahita, someone who has an IQ of 25-40 4) Severe tunagrahita, someone who has an IQ < 25.14

4) Tunalaras
Children who are unable to adjust to the social environment or behave defiantly at moderate, severe, and very severe levels as a result of disruption of emotional and social development or both to the detriment of themselves and the school, family, and community environment.Tunalaras children are defined as children who are difficult to accept in personal and social relationships because they have extreme behavior that is very contrary to the norms prevailing in society.This behavior usually occurs indirectly and is accompanied by emotional disturbances that are unpleasant for the people around them.Based on the explanation above, it can be seen that children with emotional and behavioral disorders.
Behavioral abnormalities and intrapersonal problems experienced by children are extreme so children have difficulty adjusting their behavior to the general norms that apply in society.Children who experience emotional barriers or disorders are manifested in three types of actions, namely happy-sad, slow to anger, and relaxedpressure.In general, their emotions show sadness, irritability or anger, a sense of pressure, and anxiety.This situation often occurs in children and adolescents, and as a result, the development of social emotions or both will be disrupted.So the a need for special service adjustments to develop the potential of children with talaras.Based on the level of reasonableness, children with reasonableness are divided into three groups, including: (1) mild tunalaras, (2) moderate tunalaras, (3) severe tunalaras.15

5) Children with special intelligence and special talents (CIBI)
Gifted children are those who have superior abilities in terms of intelligence (intelligence), creativity, technique, social, aesthetic, physical, and responsibility that are much higher than normal children their age, so to realize their potential into real achievements requires special service adjustments.There are three groups of CIBI children according to their respective levels of intelligence and privileges, which include (1) Superior, (2) Gifted, and (3) Genius. 16e definition according to IDEA is a child who has abilities that exceed those of others in general and can demonstrate very high work performance.Exceptional intelligence can be seen in various areas such as general intellectual ability, specialized academics, creative thinking, leadership, arts, and psychomotor.A child can be said to be gifted if he/she has above-average abilities, has a high commitment to duty, and is also creative.

6) Tunadaksa
Children with disabilities are children who experience abnormalities or disabilities that exist in the bone, muscle, bone and joint systems.This disability is caused by various things, such as congenital abnormalities, accidents or brain damage.Tunadaksa comes from two words: tuna and daksa.Tuna means "lacking" and daksa means body.Disability can also be interpreted as a deficiency in the body, a deficiency in the disabled is seen in the presence of limbs that are not perfect.
Tunadaksa is sometimes called a disability even though tunadaksa is only a defect in its limbs not in its senses.17Disorders that occur in people with disabilities usually affect intelligence, communication, movement disorders, behavior and how to adapt.

7) Autism
Autism is a complex neurobiological developmental disorder that lasts throughout a person's life.Autistic people usually have problems with social interaction and communication, so they have difficulty speaking, or they don't focus when communicating.Sometimes people with autism have behaviors that they have to do or that they do over and over again, for example saying the same sentence over and over again.They also sometimes use gestures or point to objects to describe their thoughts.Autism also sometimes gives different responses if they are experiencing sadness and can even hurt themselves.Speech impaired (mute) is often associated with hearing impaired (deaf) because there is an eustachian nerve, which is the nerve that connects the middle ear with the oral cavity as well as the organs of speech including the mouth, nose, esophagus, windpipe, and lungs.According to Bambang Nugroho in pitaloka, "another important link between the ear and the mouth is the trigeminal nerve, which is the nerve connected to the hammerhead muscle, as well as to the muscles that allow us to chew and close our mouths, namely the temporal muscles and masseter muscles". 19

c) Resilience 1) Definition of Resilience
Resilience or "resilire" means "return" in the English dictionary comes from the word "resiliency" or "resilient" which aims to term the state of a person who can rise from the worst conditions in his life. 20eanwhile, resilience can be interpreted as surviving and thriving as a process that involves various factors that influence each other to deal with life stressors. 21Resilience theory is the result of the study of developmental psychopathology which understands how individuals can overcome various difficulties or obstacles to achieve optimal functional life throughout their life. 22silience can also be seen as an individual's ability to rise, fight, and overcome the difficulties that are being experienced as a form of ability to manage stress coping to grow and develop in the face of difficulties so that it can describe the quality of the individual. 23In Novida Nurhayati, Bakhrudin All Habsyi, Budiyanto, Endang Pudjiastutik Sartinah   line with Neenan's opinion resilience is closely related to a person's psychological state cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally against adversity in general.The focus on the development of resilience includes efforts towards the behavior needed to fight obstacles in life.
As well as the ability to resist unwanted adversities that will occur in the future.
Based on several theories and explanations of resilience above, it can be concluded that the essence of resilience is the ability of individuals to rise, be strong and be able to manage themselves in facing problems in life so that by facing individual problems they become better individuals.Individuals can be said to be resilient if they quickly recover to the condition before a problem occurs and in dealing with individual problems respond in a healthy way.

2) Resilience Function
Based on research according to Reivich and Shatte, it is suggested that humans can use resilience for the following things: a) Overcoming In the course of human life, some various problems and tribulations can cause stress and are impossible to avoid.Therefore, humans need resilience to avoid the losses caused by these unfavorable problems.This can be done by analyzing and changing perspectives to be more positive and increasing the ability to control oneself to be motivated, happy, and productive in the face of life's pressures.b) Steering Through Everyone needs resilience to deal with every problem, pressure, and conflict that occurs in everyday life.Resilient people will use their inner resources to overcome any problems that exist, without having to feel burdened and negative about the incident.c) Bouncing Back Some events are traumatic and cause high levels of stress, requiring greater resilience in coping and self-control.The setbacks felt are usually extreme, emotionally draining, and require resilience in a gradual way to heal.Resilient people usually face trauma Resilience Profile of Children with Special Needs ...
with three characteristics to heal themselves.They exhibit a task-oriented coping style where they take actions aimed at overcoming the misfortune, they have a strong belief that they can control the outcome of their lives, and people who are able to return to normal life more quickly from trauma know how to connect with others as a way to cope with their experiences.d) Reaching out Resilience, in addition to being useful for coping with negative experiences, stress, or healing from trauma, is also useful for having richer and more meaningful life experiences and being committed to pursuing new learning and experiences.
People with these characteristics do three things well, namely correctly estimating the risks that occur, knowing themselves well and finding meaning and purpose in their lives.Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the functions of resilience according to Reivich and Shatte are overcoming, steering through, bouncing back, reaching out.

3) Sources of Resilience
According to Grotberg, there are three sources of resilience called the three sources of resilience.Where the sources are: a) Am I This Am I factor comes from within the individual themselves.These sources include the feelings, attitudes and beliefs that individuals have.

b) I Have
This factor from I Have comes from outside the individual, where this is in terms of social support provided by others in shaping resilience.

c) I Can
The I can source is a source of resilience formation related to the skills possessed by individuals in establishing social and interpersonal relationships.

4) Resilience factors
Reivich and Shatte, argue that there are seven abilities in shaping resilience, namely: Novida Nurhayati, Bakhrudin All Habsyi, Budiyanto, Endang  Causal analysis is the ability to describe an individual's ability to accurately identify the cause of the problem at hand.Individuals who cannot identify accurately will tend to always make mistakes.e) Empathy Empathy is closely related to an individual's ability to read the signs or psychological states of others.f) Self-efficacy Self-efficacy is the result of successful problem solving.Selfefficacy describes a belief that we can solve problems and achieve success.Self-efficacy is very important in achieving resilience.perceptions still tend to be negative towards children with special needs.
Children with special needs are still considered disabled children, whose existence is considered a family disgrace, some consider them as infectious diseases that must be avoided.Children with disabilities are not normal or crazy.The many misperceptions about children with disabilities have a big impact on children and their families.Many children and their families are scorned, ostracized, and even expelled by the community.
On the other hand, parents' awareness of education and sending children with special needs to school is still low.Several surveys have found that there are wrong perceptions about children with disabilities.Many parents are pessimistic about the future of children with special needs, not knowing that there is special education for children with disabilities.
The assumption is that children with special needs are troublesome, and a burden on the family so they are treated badly.The limitations of children with special needs make parents alienate them from the family by leaving them with grandmothers in the village, handing them over to boarding schools, and so on.
The number of challenges for children with special needs is complex.In addition to being faced with the problem of their limited abilities, children with special needs also have to overcome problems with their environment.The environment of society, family, friends, and neighbors is a source of new problems.Ridicule, bullying, ridicule and not being accepted in the environment become a psychological burden on children.
With the many complexities of life for children with special needs, it can form a less positive personality.They are haunted by feelings of insecurity, and anxiety, often suspicious of others, in addition to other personality barriers.This is one of the important reasons for guidance and counseling for children with special needs and to make it easier for children to follow the demands of the regular school curriculum.Badiah describes the difficulties of children with special needs at school, difficulty following reading and writing activities with normal children's patterns, difficulty following the existing curriculum, so that curriculum, infrastructure, counselor teachers, and support for learning activities for children with special needs are needed.Guidance and counseling services must be able to take a role in the resilient attitude of children with special needs.Guidance and counseling services can optimize the talents of interests, and achievements of children with special needs 26 so that children can make achievements, as has been proven by children in special schools (SLB).

Conclusion
From the review of the entire article, it can be concluded that three sources influence the resilience of children with special needs, namely First, I have which comes from external (parents, teachers, or friends), Second, I am an individual's ability which includes feelings, behavior and abilities within the individual, and third, I can which is an interpersonal and social ability within the individual.In addition, seven factors can help shape resilience, namely emotion regulation, impulse control, optimism, causal analysis, empathy, self-efficacy, and reaching out.It can also be concluded that resilience is very important for individuals to deal with the pressures obtained in life.Therefore, it also requires the role of counselors to provide guidance and counseling services to optimize their abilities and help overcome the less positive personality of children with special needs.

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Practice of Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia ...

8 )
Tuna wicaraSpeech impairment or speech disability is an individual who has difficulties or barriers in verbal communication and thus has difficulty in communicating.This may be due to the absence or dysfunction of speech organs, such as the oral cavity, tongue, palate such as the oral Children with Special Needs ... cavity and vocal cords, in addition to the absence or dysfunction of hearing organs, resulting in delays in language development.
Children with Special Needs ...
NovidaNurhayati, Bakhrudin All Habsyi, Budiyanto, Endang Pudjiastutik Sartinahcompensate for academic, physical, and behavioral characteristics that differ substantially from what is considered normal.3 . Family Protective Factors as The Basis for Helping Children With Special 4 Hendriani, W. (2017).Family Protective Factors as The Basis for Helping Children With Special Needs Increasing Resilience.4(2).146-152 5 Hendriani, W. (2017).Family Protective Factors as The Basis for Helping Children With Special Needs Increasing Resilience.4(2).146-152

Definition of Children with Special Needs Children
with special needs are defined as children who need special education and services to fully develop their human potential.The mention of children with special needs is because in fulfilling their life needs, these children need assistance with educational services, social services, guidance and counseling services, and various other types of services that are special in nature.11According to Heward in Pitaloka 2022, children with special needs are children with special characteristics that are different from children in general without always indicating mental, emotional, or physical disabilities.Meanwhile, according to Ilahi, ABK is explained as follows.Children with special needs are those who have temporary or permanent special needs that require more intense educational services.

The Importance of Guidance and Counseling Services for Children with Special Needs
From statistical data published by the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture in June 2022, the number of children with special needs in the age range of 5-19 years is 3.3%.Meanwhile, the population at that age (2021) is 66.6 million people.Thus, the number of children aged 5-19 years with disabilities is around 2,197,833.Then, data from the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Research as of August 2021 shows that the number of students in the Special Schools (SLB) and inclusive pathways is 269,398 children.The data on children with special needs is like an iceberg phenomenon, there are still quite a lot of hidden births of children with disabilities because not all families can accept the existence of children with disabilities sincerely amid the family.Some families still hide the existence of children with disabilities.The impact is that many children with special needs are in the midst of society and have not received good educational services, ABK is only at home with family, without proper care and training.24Childrenwithspecialneedsare children who have special characteristics and are different from other children without always indicating mental, physical, or emotional disabilities.25TheMinistry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia (2013) describes children with special needs as children who have limitations or abnormalities, both in mental-intellectual, social, emotional, and physical aspects compared to other children of their age, which significantly affect the process of development and growth.Until now, children with disabilities are still marginalized in society socially, economically, politically, legally, and otherwise.Most people's